# BPC-157 References: The Cited Studies and FDA Sources

> The full BPC-157 reference list — peer-reviewed preclinical studies, the human pilots, the 2024-2025 reviews, and the FDA compounding pages — with PMIDs, DOIs, and direct links for every claim on this site.

Every quantitative claim on this site maps to a numbered entry below. Peer-reviewed studies carry PMIDs and DOIs; regulatory facts cite FDA pages directly.

## How to read this list

The BPC-157 references below are the complete citation set for this site. Entries [1] through [10] are peer-reviewed studies and reviews, identified by PubMed ID (PMID) and, where available, a DOI; each links to its PubMed record. Entries [11] through [13] are FDA pages that establish the regulatory and compounding facts on the [BPC-157 legal status](/legal-status) page. The preclinical record is overwhelmingly rodent; the three human pilots [5][6][7] are small and mostly uncontrolled, and are labeled as such throughout the site. Nothing on this site is cited that is not listed here.

## References

[1] Staresinic M, et al. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 accelerates healing of transected rat Achilles tendon and in vitro stimulates tendocytes growth. J Orthop Res. 2003;21(6):976-983. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14554208/
[2] He L, et al. Pharmacokinetics, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of body-protective compound 157, a potential drug for treating various wounds, in rats and dogs. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:1026182. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36588717/
[3] Hsieh MJ, et al. Therapeutic potential of pro-angiogenic BPC157 is associated with VEGFR2 activation and up-regulation. J Mol Med (Berl). 2017;95(3):323-333. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27847966/
[4] Xue XC, et al. Protective effects of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on gastric ulcer in rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2004;10(7):1032-1037. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15052688/
[5] Lee E, Burgess K. Safety of Intravenous Infusion of BPC157 in Humans: A Pilot Study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40131143/
[6] Lee E, Walker C, Ayadi B. Effect of BPC-157 on Symptoms in Patients with Interstitial Cystitis: A Pilot Study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39325560/
[7] Lee E, Padgett B. Intra-Articular Injection of BPC 157 for Multiple Types of Knee Pain. Altern Ther Health Med. 2021. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34324435/
[8] McGuire FP, et al. Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40789979/
[9] Protective Effects of BPC 157 on Liver, Kidney, and Lung Distant Organ Damage in Rats with Acute Pancreatitis. Medicina (Kaunas). 2025;61(2):291. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40005408/
[10] Tracheocutaneous Fistula Resolved by Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Therapy Through the NO-System. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2026;19(1):145. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41599743/
[11] FDA. July 23-24, 2026: Meeting of the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee (public calendar listing BPC-157, KPV, TB-500, and MOTs-C as bulk drug substances being considered for inclusion on the 503A Bulks List). https://www.fda.gov/advisory-committees/advisory-committee-calendar/july-23-24-2026-meeting-pharmacy-compounding-advisory-committee-07232026
[12] FDA. Certain Bulk Drug Substances for Use in Compounding That May Present Significant Safety Risks (Category 2 entries for 'BPC-157 (free base)' and 'BPC-157 acetate'; effective September 29, 2023). https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks
[13] FDA. Bulk Drug Substances Used in Compounding Under Section 503A of the FD&C Act (Category 1 and Category 2 definitions; the 503A/503B compounding framework; the January 7, 2025 revised interim policy). https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/bulk-drug-substances-used-compounding-under-section-503a-fdc-act

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A stained-glass reading of the BPC-157 record — each finding set in its own pane, cited to the source, with no clinic behind the glass and nothing here for sale.